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SARS-CoV-2 Proteins

antibodies-online provides a large selection of recombinant proteins for SARS-CoV-2 research and assay development including membrane protein, nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, S protein mutations, envelope protein, and non-structural proteins. Discover our product portfolio.

Top Products: Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein

Product
Source
Cat. No.
Validations
Quantity
Delivery
Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6953302
Validations
  • (2)
  • (6)
Quantity 50 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6953299
Validations
  • (5)
Quantity 200 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6953301
Validations
  • (4)
Quantity 50 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6953303
Validations
  • (4)
Quantity 200 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6953300
Validations
  • (4)
Quantity 200 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet

*Super Stable Trimer: Proline substitutions (F817P, A892P, A899P, A942P, K986P, V987P) and alanine substitutions (R683A and R685A) are introduced to stabilize the trimeric prefusion state of SARS-CoV-2 S protein and abolish the furin cleavage site, respectively.

SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S1, S2) Protein

CoV uses its spike glycoprotein (S), a main target for neutralization antibody, to bind its receptor, and mediate membrane fusion and virus entry. Each monomer of trimeric S protein is about 180 kDa, and contains two subunits, S1 and S2, mediating attachment and membrane fusion, respectively.6 Below you can find a schematic drawing of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein: NTD, N-terminal domain. FP, fusion prptide. HR1, heptad repeat 1. HR2, heptad repeat 2. TM, transmembrane domain.16

1D structure of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Product
Source
Cat. No.
Validations
Quantity
Delivery
Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6952427
Validations
  • (9)
  • (6)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 2 to 3 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Mammalian Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6953168
Validations
  • (5)
Quantity 1 mg
Delivery 13 to 16 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN7274393
Validations
  • (4)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 13 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6952456
Validations
  • (5)
  • (4)
Quantity 200 μg
Delivery 2 to 3 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN7274394
Validations
  • (3)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 13 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Product
Source
Cat. No.
Validations
Quantity
Delivery
Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6992376
Validations
  • (3)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6952626
Validations
  • (3)
  • (2)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6992375
Validations
  • (2)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6992374
Validations
  • (2)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN7013246
Validations
  • (2)
Quantity 200 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet

Click here to see all SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Products

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) Protein

The nucleocapsid protein is an important structural protein for the coronaviruses. It is highly abundant in the viruses. Its function involves entering the host cell, binding to the viral RNA genome, and forms the ribonucleoprotein core.(7) N protein contains two distinct RNA-binding domains (NTD and CTD) linked by a poorly structured linkage region containing a serine/arginine-rich (SR-rich) domain.

Product
Source
Cat. No.
Validations
Quantity
Delivery
Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6952454
Validations
  • (5)
  • (2)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 2 to 3 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952658
Validations
  • (1)
  • (2)
Quantity 200 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7274433
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 13 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7275373
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 3 to 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source CHO Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6953023
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 9 to 10 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN7490687
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 12 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN7490603
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 12 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952453
Validations
  • (2)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 2 to 3 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6992418
Validations
  • (2)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6992416
Validations
  • (2)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet

SARS-CoV-2 Membrane (M) Protein

The coronavirus membrane (M) protein is the key player in virion assembly. One of its functions is to mediate the incorporation of the spikes into the viral envelope. When expressed alone, it accumulates in the Golgi complex in homomultimeric complexes.

Product
Source
Cat. No.
Validations
Quantity
Delivery
Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7385279
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 3 to 4 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7385280
Validations
Quantity 50 μg
Delivery 3 to 4 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN1111940
Validations
Quantity 1 mg
Delivery 9 to 10 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952858
Validations
Quantity 0.1 mg
Delivery 2 to 3 Days
Datasheet Datasheet

SARS-CoV-2 Envelope (E) Protein

E protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a 75 amino acids long protein existing in both monomeric and homo-pentameric form. Approximately 20 copies of the protein have been found in the viral particle and previous mutagenesis-based studies demonstrated its pivotal role in the onset and development of the viral infection.9

Product
Source
Cat. No.
Validations
Quantity
Delivery
Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952737
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 13 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952705
Validations
  • (2)
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7505812
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952821
Validations
Quantity 0.1 mg
Delivery 2 to 3 Days
Datasheet Datasheet

SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural Proteins (NSP)

The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1-16), four structural proteins, and nine putative accessory factors.(8) NSPs include the various enzymes and transcription factors the virus uses to replicate itself, such as viral protease, RNA replicase and proteins to control the host.

Product
Source
Cat. No.
Validations
Quantity
Delivery
Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7275372
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 3 to 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952745
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 13 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Insect Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6952695
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery Discontinued
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7535168
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 200 μg
Delivery 13 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952636
Validations
  • (1)
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7321311
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7321314
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7321313
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7321317
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7321316
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN7321315
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 11 to 14 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Insect Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6952692
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery Discontinued
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Insect Cells
Cat. No. ABIN6952693
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery Discontinued
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952711
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952709
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952707
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952638
Validations
  • (1)
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source HEK-293 Cells
Cat. No. ABIN7121332
Validations
Quantity 100 μg
Delivery 5 Days
Datasheet Datasheet
Source Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Cat. No. ABIN6952951
Validations
Quantity 0.1 mg
Delivery 2 to 3 Days
Datasheet Datasheet

The role of recombinant Proteins in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins are being used as antigens for antibody development, as capture antigens or as standards in assays. They can be used as a positive control in antigen-detecting ELISAs to accurately separate true positive results from potentially false results or as capture antigens for immunoglobin ELISAs. The trimeric, full length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for example is suitable for assay development and highly useful when studying neutralizing antibodies. In addition SARS-CoV-2 proteins are needed for drug discovery and drug repurposing studies. In the process of drug discovery, functional studies with active proteins are vital to verify the inhibitory effects of the tested substance. NSPs as well as N proteins are in the spotlight as potential targets; their functions and interaction with the host cell are crucial for virus propagation and therefore highly relevant for inhibition strategies. SARS-CoV-2 N protein has been shown to affect the complement system whereas the SARS-CoV-2 NSPSs are responsible for virus replication.

Related Products: full length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (ABIN6952670)

Post-translational modifications (PTMs), like glyscosilation, modify proteins as last step of maturation to promote protein folding and improve stability. The glycosylation pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein provides basic understanding of the viral structure, and is important for the identification of immunogens for vaccine design, especially regarding steric hindrance. The spike glycoprotein exists as a homotrimeric fusion protein. Each of the trimers contains 66 glycosylation sites for host-derived N-linked glycans. In the predominant state of the trimer, one of the RBDs is in an “up” position whereas the other two are in a “down” position. Interaction of S-protein and ACE2 only takes place with one RBD in the “up” position.

SARS-CoV-2 utilizes high mannose as well as complex-type glycans structure on their spike proteins (see below). 1 This leads to a complex surface structures, a challenge for finding interactors and in the generation of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). The Full length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (ABIN6952670) is, like our other active SARS-CoV-2 proteins produced in HEK293-cells. The mammalian expression system is able to mimic complex glycosilation pattern of SARS-CoV-2 and express the homotrimeric fusion protein in its active "up" state (fig.1). The Full length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein therefore is highly useful when studying neutralizing antibodies.

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer with a single RBD in the up position
Fig. 1: Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer with a single RBD in the "up" position (yellow; PDB 6VSB)

In a recent Glycobiology article Shajahan et al. performed site-specific quantitative N-linked and O-linked glycan profiling on recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S protein subunit S1 and SARS-CoV-2 S protein subunit S2 through glycoproteomics using high resolution LC-MS/MS. The spike protein is comprised of two protein subunits (S1 and S2), which together possess 22 potential N-glycosylation sites. The group identified 2 unexpected O-glycosylation sites at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of subunit S1.1

Related Products: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Subunit S1 (AA 16-690) protein (His tag) (ABIN6952319) | SARS-CoV-2 Spike Subunit S2 (AA 697-1213) protein (His tag) (ABIN6952319)

The N-glycans on S protein play important roles in proper protein folding and priming by host proteases. Since glycans can shield the amino acid residues and other epitopes from cells and antibody recognition, glycosylation can enable the coronavirus to evade both the innate and adaptive immune responses.2,3,4 The group used recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein and SARS-CoV-2 S2 Protein expressed in HEK293 cells and observed partial N-glycan occupancy on 17 out of 22 N-glycosylation sites. High mannose-type (Man5GlcNAc2) sugar chains were implemented as predominant structure across all sites.5

Thr323 and Ser325 were identified as O-glycosylation sites on the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through high resolution mass spectrometry glycoproteomic profiling. The residues Thr323 and Ser325 are located at the RBD of the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2, and thus the O-glycosylation at this location could play a critical role in viral binding with hACE2 receptors.3

References

Shajahan, Supekar, Gleinich, Azadi: "Deducing the N- and O-glycosylation profile of the spike protein of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2." in: Glycobiology, Vol. 30, Issue 12, pp. 981-988, (2020) (PubMed).

Piccoli, Park, Tortorici, Czudnochowski, Walls, Beltramello, Silacci-Fregni, Pinto, Rosen, Bowen, Acton, Jaconi, Guarino, Minola, Zatta, Sprugasci, Bassi, Peter, De Marco, Nix, Mele, Jovic, Rodriguez, Gupta, Jin, Piumatti, Lo Presti, Pellanda, Biggiogero,: "Mapping Neutralizing and Immunodominant Sites on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain by Structure-Guided High-Resolution Serology." in: Cell, Vol. 183, Issue 4, pp. 1024-1042.e21, (2020) (PubMed).

Andersen, Rambaut, Lipkin, Holmes, Garry: "The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2." in: Nature medicine, Vol. 26, Issue 4, pp. 450-452, (2020) (PubMed).

Bagdonaite, Wandall: "Global aspects of viral glycosylation." in: Glycobiology, Vol. 28, Issue 7, pp. 443-467, (2018) (PubMed).

Ou, Liu, Lei, Li, Mi, Ren, Guo, Guo, Chen, Hu, Xiang, Mu, Chen, Chen, Hu, Jin, Wang, Qian: "Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV." in: Nature communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 1620, (2020) (PubMed).

Zeng, Liu, Ma, Zhao, Yang, Liu, Mohammed, Zhao, Yang, Xie, Ding, Ma, Weng, Gao, He, Jin: "Biochemical characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein." in: Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Vol. 527, Issue 3, pp. 618-623, (2020) (PubMed).

Gordon, Jang, Bouhaddou, Xu, Obernier, O'Meara, Guo, Swaney, Tummino, Hüttenhain, Kaake, Richards, Tutuncuoglu, Foussard, Batra, Haas, Modak, Kim, Haas, Polacco, Braberg, Fabius, Eckhardt, Soucheray, Bennett, Cakir, McGregor, Li, Naing, Zhou, Peng, Kirby,: "A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing." in: bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, (2020) (PubMed).

Tilocca, Soggiu, Sanguinetti, Babini, De Maio, Britti, Zecconi, Bonizzi, Urbani, Roncada: "Immunoinformatic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein as a strategy to assess cross-protection against COVID-19." in: Microbes and infection, Vol. 22, Issue 4-5, pp. 182-187, (2020) (PubMed).

Shang, Wan, Luo, Ye, Geng, Auerbach, Li: "Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2." in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 117, Issue 21, pp. 11727-11734, (2020) (PubMed).

  • Jie Hu et al. The D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral infectivity and decreases neutralization sensitivity to individual convalescent sera. bioRxviv (2020).
  • Korber B. et al.Spike mutation pipeline reveals the emergence of a more transmissible form of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxviv (2020). doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.069054.
  • Lizhou Zhang et al. The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity. bioRxviv (2020). doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.148726.
  • Junxian Ou et al. Emergence of RBD mutations in circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains enhancing the structural stability and human ACE2 receptor affinity of the spike protein. bioRxiv (2020). doi:10.1101/2020.03.15.991844v4
  • Saha, P. et al.Mutations in Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Modulate Receptor Binding, Membrane Fusion and Immunogenicity: An Insight into Viral Tropism and Pathogenesis of COVID-19. chemRxiv (2020). doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12320567.v1
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